Poverty and income distribution incidence of the COVID-19 outbreak: investigating socially responsible policy alternatives for Turkey

To counterbalance the deep systemic global crisis triggered by the COVID-19, many countries introduced a vast arsenal of fiscal policy instruments coupled with monetary accommodation. Yet, Turkey's response had almost exclusively relied on credit expansion and loan guarantees while minimizing the role of fiscal policy. Within that context, this article has three interrelated objectives. Firstly, we evaluate the effects of the crisis and the implemented policies on poverty and income distribution. Second, we measure the macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on the Turkish economy through a general equilibrium model. We find that these policies had a limited impact on reducing crisis-induced poverty. Finally, we propose alternatives to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 crisis, which are compatible with fiscal constraints. Our results suggest that by pursuing a targeted fiscal income transfer programme covering wage earners and small-sized enterprises, Turkey could have achieved a more egalitarian and effective response to the Covid-19 crisis. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Southeast European & Black Sea Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Microbusinesses' challenges and perceptions in using social media during the COVID-19 crisis

COVID-19 struck the world by storm and has taken its victims along the way. It had also put the whole world on a temporary pause as people tried to manage the virus as best as possible. It has affected people all around the globe and had a huge impact on the global economy. This research will look into how microbusinesses have used social media in order to better face the challenges and changes that came due to the COVID-19 crisis while it will discuss how businesses' perceptions were altered along the way. In particular we are reviewing relevant academic literature surrounding microbusinesses and how they have been affected by COVID-19. The research methods used within this study, and the research results will be stated with reference to primary respondents. We have used a combination of secondary and primary research to develop further understanding of microbusinesses and the impact that COVID-19 has had on organizations in relation to the use of the internet and social media platforms. Limitations of the study will also be identified, and future research areas will be identified.

EU or Euro Area Crisis? Studying Differentiated Integration as an Idea Structuring Elite Perceptions of the Sovereign Debt and the COVID-19 crisis

After the sovereign debt crisis, scholars concluded that euro area member states (EAMS) and non-EAMS embarked on diverging paths of integration. Yet, their united response countering the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis contradicts the path-dependency argument. This article takes an ideational approach. It demonstrates that the different crisis outcomes regarding differentiated integration (DI) in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) coincide with variations of how DI influenced elite crisis perceptions as an idea. While policymakers perceived the sovereign debt crisis as a currency area crisis with threats and spillovers applying to EAMS, they interpreted the COVID-19 crisis as a health emergency threatening all EU member states. These differences in elite crisis perceptions facilitated different outcomes regarding DI despite unchanged economic and fiscal circumstances among EAMS and non-EAMS. The findings challenge deterministic assumptions on the self-reinforcing nature of DI in EMU and establish DI as an idea structuring elite perceptions. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of European Integration is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Assessment of Adaptability through Psychological Well-Being during Covid Crisis for Job Retention

Psychological well being is one of the most important part that played a crucial role in the covid-19 situation. Employers can assist in maintaining employee morale and job satisfaction by avoiding layoffs and retaining employees. Employees are more likely to be engaged and productive when they feel safe in their positions. Employers may save money in the long run by keeping their current employees, as hiring and training new workers can be costly. Research methodology is another part that plays a crucial role in this research. Positivism research philosophy and descriptive research design has bee used in this study to make the research Effective. Primary data collection and analysis has also been used in this research to improve the decision making process. It has been found that Organizations can foster a culture of resilience by promoting teamwork, encouraging open communication, and celebrating successes. This can help employees feel supported, motivated, and engaged during challenging times. © 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities. All Rights Reserved.

Combating the COVID-19 Crisis within the European Union: A Critical Assessment of the ‘Next Generation EU' in the Context of the Budgetary Balance

The paper contains a critical analysis of the new system of own resources of the European Union, established to address the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. Analysis is mainly from the perspective of the balanced budget rule. Under Council Decision 2020/2053 of 14 December 2020, the Commission is to be, inter alia, empowered to borrow an unprecedentedly huge amount of funds on capital markets on behalf of the EU. This means that, for the first time in history, common budgetary commitments on the part of the EU will be on such a scale that repayment will be spread over many years and will be charged to future generations of EU citizens (known as the ‘Next Generation EU' programme). The research aims to compare these innovations with the long-term financial policy of the EU, as a result of the provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Fiscal Compact. It also elaborates on the limits of societal debt issued by their representatives who form public authorities. © 2023 The Author(s).

Human Resource Management in Times of the Pandemic: Clustering HR Managers' Use of High-Performance Work Systems

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many organizations and the way work is performed, emphasizing the importance of human resource management (HRM). Although the HRM literature confirms the vital role of HR managers for firm recovery and survival during a crisis, knowledge remains scarce about what HR managers actually do in times of high disruptions, like a crisis. In this chapter, we explore the use of high-performance work system (HPWS) practices among 269 HR managers during the COVID-19 pandemic;a common set of HRM practices used to engender employee and organisational performance. Using cluster analysis, we identify two distinct groups of HR managers, engaging either in high or low levels of HPWS practices during the crisis. We then investigate how these two clusters relate to organizational and individual characteristics, as well as HR managers' perceptions of the pandemic. For instance, we find that those managers implementing HPWS to a high degree perceive more changes in their work context than their counterparts do. Our findings provide unique and new insights into group-specific differences associated with high and low levels of HPWS practices. We thereby contribute to the HR literature a fuller understanding of HRM system use in times of a crisis. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Epidemic Analytics for Decision Supports in COVID19 Crisis

Covid-19 has hit the world unprepared, as the deadliest pandemic of the century. Governments and authorities, as leaders and decision makers fighting against the virus, enormously tap on the power of AI and its data analytics models for urgent decision supports at the greatest efforts, ever seen from human history. This book showcases a collection of important data analytics models that were used during the epidemic, and discusses and compares their efficacy and limitations. Readers who from both healthcare industries and academia can gain unique insights on how data analytics models were designed and applied on epidemic data. Taking Covid-19 as a case study, readers especially those who are working in similar fields, would be better prepared in case a new wave of virus epidemic may arise again in the near future. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Risk Mitigation in Agriculture in Support of COVID-19 Crisis Management

The main focus of this article is the problem of exacerbating agricultural risks in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, which started against the background of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The motivation for conducting the research presented in this article was the desire to increase the resilience of agricultural companies to economic crises. This paper is aimed at studying the Russian experience of changing the production and financial risks of agricultural companies during the COVID-19 crisis, substantiating the important role of innovations in reducing these risks, and determining the prospects for risk management in agriculture based on innovations to increase its crisis resilience. Using the structural equation modelling (SEM) method, we modelled the contribution of innovations to the risk management of agriculture during the COVID-19 crisis. The advantages of the SEM method, compared to other conventional methods (e.g., independent correlation analysis or independent regression analysis), include the increased depth of analysis, its systemic character, and the consideration of multilateral connections between the indicators. Using the case-study method, a "smart" vertical farm framework is being developed, the risks of which are resistant to crises through the use of datasets and machine learning. The originality of this article lies in rethinking the risks of agriculture from the standpoint of "smart" technologies as a new risk factor and a way to increase resilience to crises. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is that they make it possible to systematically study the changes in the risks of agriculture in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, while outlining the prospects for increasing resilience to crises based on optimising the use of "smart" technologies. The practical significance of the article is related to the fact that the authors' conclusions and applied recommendations on the use of datasets and machine learning by agricultural companies can improve the efficiency of agricultural risk management and ensure successful COVID-19 crisis management by agricultural companies.

Crisis Intensity, Leadership Behavior, and Employee Outcomes in Public Organizations

Societal crises such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic challenge public organizations in many ways. Yet, there is little knowledge of how varying crisis intensity can spark different reactions among public leaders and employees. This study examines the dynamics of the COVID-19 crisis in relation to leadership behaviors and employee outcomes for 920 individuals in 45 organizational units within the police, hospitals, and assisted living facilities. By conducting a panel study that combines nationwide data on crisis intensity with survey data from 2019 to 2021, the study shows that employee outcomes such as public service motivation and job satisfaction are higher in severe stages of the crisis. Likewise, crisis intensity is positively associated with employee perceived use of visionary transformational leadership, but negatively associated with employee perceived use of verbal transactional leadership. Hence, public leaders should be prepared to handle complex employee reactions when the next crisis occurs.

Framing of economic news and policy support during a pandemic: Evidence from a survey experiment

We examine how news outlets' communication of macroeconomic information affects policy support during the COVID-19 crisis. In our survey experiment based on a representative sample from Germany, respondents are exposed to an expert forecast of GDP growth. Individuals either receive no information, the baseline forecast, or real-world media frames of the same forecast. We find that positive framing of economic growth increases policy support. This effect is stronger for respondents with more pessimistic macroeconomic expectations. Negatively framed economic news are perceived as more credible and hence less surprising in times of recession, not translating into political opinion.

Introduction

The COVID-19 crisis that emerged in spring 2020 was unprecedented in its impact on the day-to-day operations of higher education worldwide. This chapter describes the experiences of students, staff, and faculty at the University of Utah as they adapted to the new COVID-19 reality in spring and summer 2020. Participants' experiences of the transition to online learning and work during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic illuminate a number of findings that can provide guidance to higher education for future crises. The chapter explores whether it is realistic to expect campus communities to thrive during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. As it becomes clear that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact higher education in the near future, it is important to look back on the experiences of those in higher education as leaders consider the best ways to move forward in this dynamic environment. The chapter offers an in-depth and institutionally broad view of how different higher education stakeholders experienced the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also offers an opportunity to consider how the theoretical concept of thriving operates in practice when an institution is in crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

International Tourism Regionalization Major Trends and Shock Disruption

Regionalization is one of the major characteristics of international tourism. The regional trade agreements, the natural tendency of business and trade flows to generate proximity networks, trade policies of liberalization, convergence and the complementarity of production and consumption patterns manifested rather at the intra-regional level, are just some of the factors that maintain a high degree of regionalization of tourism globally, despite a process of spatial dispersion. This paper includes a comparative analysis of the dynamics of these regionalization processes between 1980 and 2019 and looks at the impact that different shocks have had on the dynamics of international tourism and the transformation of tourism geography. The paper thus deepens the knowledge of the regionalization processes integrating the perspective of the tourist sector's resilience with relevance for tourism-led growth policies.

Nurturing Employee Engagement at Workplace and Organizational Innovation in Time of Crisis With Moderating Effect of Servant Leadership

The current study strives to examine the impact of HR practices, working condition, intergroup relations, goal congruence, passion for work and organizational learning culture toward employee engagement and organizational innovation. In addition to that the moderating effect of servant leadership is tested between employee engagement and organizational innovation. The research design of this study is grounded in quantitative research approach. Data were retrieved from employees working in Saudi manufacturing organizations. Overall, 241 respondents have participated in this voluntarily research survey. Research framework was tested with structural equation modeling technique. Results revealed that human resource prac-tices, working condition, intergroup relations, passion for work, goal congruence and organizational learning culture have explained large variance R-2 52.8% in measuring employee work engagement. Similarly, organizational innovation is measured with employee work engagement and servant leadership and explained substantial 55% variance in organizational innovation. Likewise, the results of the blindfolding analysis revealed substantial predictive power Q(2) 41.4 to predict organizational inno-vation. Therefore, in determining employee work engagement at workplace goal congruence has shown substantial effect size f(2) when compared with other exogenous constructs. Practically, this research suggests that goal congruence, human resource practices, and servant leadership are core factors which enhance employee engagement at workplace and organiza-tional innovation in time of crisis and therefore need managerial attention. This study is unique as it examines employee engagement behavior with an integrative research framework. In addition to that the role of servant leadership has been studied as moderator between the relationship of employee engagement and organizational innovation.

Rationality in social science: Foundations, norms, and prosociality

The concept of rationality and its significance for theory and empirical research in social science are key topics of scholarly discussion. In the tradition of an analytical as well as empirical approach in social science, this volume assembles novel contributions on methodological foundations and basic assumptions of theories of rational choice. The volume highlights the use of rational choice assumptions for research on fundamental problems in social theory such as the emergence, dynamics, and effects of social norms and the conditions for cooperation and prosociality. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2021.

The Moderation Role of Innovation and Infrastructure on the Relationship between COVID-19 Crises and Health Care Performance: Evidence from Jordan

This study examines the moderation role of innovation and infrastructure on the relationship between covid-19 crisis and healthcare performance in Jordan. The methodology of this study includes a literature review to identify relevant studies and theories related to the topic and identify gaps in the existing research. Attention is paid to human behavior and personnel interaction in the hospitals that receive Covid-19 cases. The findings of this study will be used to identify areas where improvements can be made in healthcare infrastructure and innovative practices to support healthcare performance during future crises better. This paper identifies specific innovative and most effective infrastructure supporting healthcare performance during a crisis, such as telemedicine, remote monitoring, or emergency medical service (EMS) systems. Also, the paper informs policy-making by providing insights into the impact of innovative practices and infrastructure on healthcare performance and how these factors can mitigate future crises' impact on healthcare systems. The healthcare industry needs ideas and strategies as the Covid-19 pandemic grips the world. These strategies will help the industry deal with the unstable and continuously changing environment. © 2023 WITPress. All rights reserved.

[Resilient Children: Evaluation of a Programme to Promote Resilience in Kindergarten and Elementary School]. / Resiliente Kinder: Evaluation eines Programms zur Förderung der Resilienz in der Elementar- und Primarpädagogik.

In the project "Resilient Children", a resilience promotion program for kindergartens and elementary schools was directly applied and evaluated during the COVID-19-crisis.The aim of the study was to strengthen the three sources of resilience according to Grotberg (1995) I HAVE, I AM and I CAN through targeted exercises and resilience-promoting communication (transfer to everyday life). Additionally, gender differences with regard to the effect of the programme were addressed. "Resilient Children" was evaluated at the impact level (pre-post design) and process level. Eight kindergartens and three elementary schools with 125 children participated. A total of 122 teachers and 70 parents provided information about the children. The results at the impact level showed that from the parent and teacher perspective, and from the self-perspective (children), the three sources of resilience were significantly strengthened. With regard to gender differences, the results from the perspective of teachers and parents showed that girls were characterised by greater changes than boys. Compared to the girls, the physical andmental well-being of the boys improved fromthe parents' point of view. The results of the process evaluation revealed a high level of motivation and enthusiasm for participation in the programme on the part of participating children and teachers. The success of "Resilient Children" depends on the identification of the teachers with the program.

Leaders' mental health in times of crisis: work intensification, emotional demands and the moderating role of organizational support and self-efficacy.

This article focuses on leaders' specific demands in times of crisis and the role of personal and organizational resources regarding mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of responsibilities, particularly among leaders. To deepen the understanding about the resulting consequences in terms of leaders' demands and resources, we conducted a mixed methods study with a sample of 60 leaders from lower and middle management. We hypothesized leaders' work intensification and emotional demands to be related with higher irritation and exhaustion. Consistent with the Job Demands-Resources model and the Conservation of Resources theory, we examined organizational instrumental support and occupational self-efficacy as possible moderators and assumed a buffering effect on mental illness. Our quantitative results indicated organizational instrumental support as a moderator for the relation of work intensification and mental illness. In terms of self-efficacy and work intensification, the results contradicted our expectations. For emotional demands, only the main effects could be found. In the qualitative part of our study, we found evidence for the importance of work intensification, emotional demands and organizational instrumental support in the leaders' everyday experience and gained a deeper understanding of the constructs' nature by means of examples. The integration of our quantitative and qualitative results has important and concrete implications for organizations how to support leaders in times of crisis and accelerated changes at work. This further underlines the necessity to consider leaders as an important target group of occupational health measures.

School and community reforms that help navigate the COVID-19 crisis

Twenty-five percent of high school students have reported emotional and mental health issues during the pandemic. Many students have had to face illness, loss, food insecurity, and economic hardship resulting from the pandemic. They have experienced anxiety, fear, and depression attributable to long-term school closures, isolation, quarantines, and stay-at-home orders. School-based mental health (SMH) can be viewed as an emerging need in response to this increasing national health crisis. This chapter discusses the importance of SMH services for children in schools, highlights the use of tiered systems to prevent and respond to mental health concerns of students and provides specific considerations for school and community for creating integrated systems. Evidence-based practices (EBPs) have a strong scientific basis for their use, as they are supported by high-quality research that offers empirical demonstrations of effectiveness. As a response, schools across the United States are adopting tiered systems of support, consisting of EBPs, to address systematically the growing diversity of students' needs, particularly in light of Covid-19's effects on students' academic, behavioral, and social-emotional well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Volunteer community service providers during the COVID‐19 crisis response in China: What are their personal needs and how to respond?

The needs of volunteer community service providers (VCSPs), who are the main responders to community crises, have received significantly less attention for the contributions they have been making during the COVID‐19 crisis. A mixed‐method research framework was used in this study, which involved semi‐structured interviews with 13 NGOs and questionnaire responses from 430 VCSPs in Hubei, China to assess the VCSPs' personal needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It was found that the VCSPs had safety, love, belonging, self‐esteem, and self‐actualization personal needs, all of which were closely related to family, partners, organizations, society and the government. The discussions revealed that the more experienced VCSPs needed special attention and family support was extremely significant for VCSPs in crisis. Several recommendations to meet VCSPs' personal needs are proposed that could have valuable reference value for emergency managers when organizing and supporting VCSPs in contingencies. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)